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Introducingquestions, problems and limitations: theory or argument
The main weaknesswith this theory is that …
The key problem with this explanation is that …
However, this theory does not fully explain why …
One criticism of much of the literature on X is that …
However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.
A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that …
One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether …
Smith’s argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of …
Smith’s interpretation overlooks much of the historical research …
Many writers have challenged Smith’s claim on the grounds that …
Smith’s analysis does not take account of X, nor does he examine …
It seems that Jones’understanding of the X framework is questionable.
The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.
One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why…
Introducingquestions, problems and limitations: method or practice
One majordrawback of this approach is that …
Selection bias is another potential concern because …
Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that …
The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is …
Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies.
All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that …
Critics of laboratory-based experiments contend that such studies …
Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account.
Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy.
Critics have also argued that not only do surveys provide an inaccurate measureof X, but the …
Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agenciesand academics.
offering constructive suggestions
The studywould have been more interesting if it had included …
These studies would have been more useful if they had focused on …
The study would have been more relevant if the researchers had asked …
The questionnaire would have been more useful if it had asked participants about…
The research would have been more relevant if a wider range of X had beenexplored
A morecomprehensive study would include all the groups of …
A better study would examine a large, randomly selected sample of societieswith …
A much more systematic approach would identify how X interacts with othervariables that are believed to be linked to …
Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies
Previousstudies of X have not dealt with …
Researchers have not treated X in much detail.
Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …
Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.
Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …
The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.
Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.
Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine …
The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.
Most studies of X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.
However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …
The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.
Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of …
However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into …
Short-term studies such as these do not necessarily show subtle changes overtime …
Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study existswhich …
However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it isunclear if …
The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no generalagreement about …
Introducing general criticism
Criticsquestion the ability of poststructuralist theory to provide …
Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies.
Smith’s meta-analysis has been subjected to considerable criticism.
The most important of these criticisms is that Smith failed to note that …
The X theory has been vigorously challenged in recent years by a number ofwriters.
These claims have been strongly contested in recent years by a number ofwriters.
More recent arguments against X have been summarised by Smith and Jones (1982):
Critics have also argued that not only do surveys provide an inaccurate measureof X, but the …
Many analysts now argue that the strategy of X has not been successful. Jones(2003), for example, argues that …
Introducing thecritical stance of particular writers
Jones (2003)has also questioned why …
However, Jones (2003) points out that …
The author challenges the widely held view that …
Smith (1999) takes issue with the contention that …
The idea that … was first challenged by Smith (1992).
Smith is critical of the tendency to compartmentalise X.
However, Smith (1967) questioned this hypothesis and …
Smith (1980) broke with tradition by raising the question of …
Jones (2003) has challenged some of Smith’s conclusions, arguing that …
Another major criticism of Smith’s study, made by Jones (2003), is that …
Jones (2003) is critical of the conclusions that Smith draws from his findings.
An alternative interpretation of the origins of X can be found in Smith (1976).
Jones (2003) is probably the best known critic of the X theory. He argues that…
In her discussion of X, Smith further criticises the ways in which some authors…
Smith’s decision to reject the classical explanation of X merits somediscussion …
The latter point has been devastatingly critiqued by Jones (2003), who arguesthat …
In a recent article in Academic Journal, Smith (2014) questions the extent towhich …
A recently published article by Smith et al. (2011) casts doubt on Jones’assumption that …
Other authors (see Harbison, 2003; Kaplan, 2004) question the usefulness ofsuch an approach.
